Pleasure, gratification and overall satisfaction for your live is a central aspect of psychiatric care . There are specific diseases that affect the ability to think about the pleasure (depression "typical" ) , to join him (depression " atypical " , bipolar disorder) , or to manage it ( bipolar disorder , addictions ) . In general, then , in all situations of mental illness , it should be borne in mind that the goal of a cure, beyond the individual symptoms , is to replicate as far as possible a state of well-being understood as overall satisfaction, quality of life and ability to derive gratification from a series of stimuli and environments .
The concept of pleasure can be intesto in its various stages:
- Have a project or a goal, and then have in mind that where the search for self-satisfaction or realization ;
- Be able to take the initiative on time and in the right opportunities to get close to the desired situations or create them.
- Being satisfied with the experience and draw impetus to increase the ability of others to enjoy it or even enjoy it in a better way
- Being able to balance the desire to feel good or enjoy one thing and the need to manage its absence when it is not available , or the need to devote time to other activities useful .
When a person does not identify with a pleasure that nothing is worth getting , we use the term anhedonia (literally " the absence of gratification "). It must , however, distinguish between those situations in which the person proves indifferent or disinterested , without complaining about it ; those other situations in which the person complains and indeed is distressed by the fact that she can not longer get pleasure from the usual things , while feeling the push to do it in some way.
Anhedonia is one of the hallmarks of depression, and is usually also signs visible from outside , such as the fixity of facial expressions , lack of response to external stimuli , the attitude is addressed to her , the silence , the attitude of reflection silent and distressed about negative issues , the categorical rejection of initiatives and interactions with the environment , including the therapeutic dose. The depressed anhedonic tends not to feel the pleasure as possible, per se , and therefore does not "feel " more positive , constructive things and even have feelings of hope or desire . The same feelings of affection for close people, the spiritual points of reference , it is dampen or flatten into a kind of withering internal "island" from life.
The situation is different for those who can not prove gratification even if he would know where and how to obtain it, and then continues to dream , to imagine , or to mourn if he lost . And 'This is a more common , which amplified if you find yourself in different psychiatric conditions , from depression to " atypical " for adjustment disorders , abuse of alcohol and drugs. The person feels in this case as " nailed " away from the opportunities of life , excluded, rejected. He feels able to feel pleasure but in a passive manner , without the ability , the desire and drive to go out and look for opportunities to gain and gratification . Often the pleasure remains , but in a " poor " or passive : food, entertainment solitary masturbation , alcohol. What is missing is the right gear in short, while it lacks the classic nell'anedonia fuel. Unlike classical dell'anedonia , people with anhedonia " atypical " can still have fun and change the mood if you get the right opportunity , or if someone else takes them in challenging situations .
Psychiatric disorders that typically look like this in the middle of discomfort, even when the most urgent symptoms have resolved, are bipolar disorder and substance abuse . (recent or past).
In the context of disorders of substances have been used different terms to describe syndromes that follow the posting substances ( post- withdrawal withdrawal , reward deficiency syndrome ) , or intoxication syndrome ( amotivational , specification of cannabis ) .
The user of substances that loses control over the desire to use them , it does so beyond the intentions of putting yourself at risk , and despite the rational expectation of a pleasure scarce and not fulfilling. In this situation, his pleasure is only anticipation, expectancy empty, as they say " salience ", that is a mental state in which an object is proposed as a first and urgent source of desire , although the person is aware that such behavior is ruining his life, and in fact it is not even possible, because it takes place in a risky , unrewarding and stressful indeed , a pleasure which is more a memory or a dream that is not stable and current experience .
After discontinuing the use of substances , those who remain abstinent typically experiences a situation of "hole" of gratification , so it tends to look for other sources of stimulus including other substances or stimuli can be addictive , or do not know where to look and remains in a state of lethargy , of degradation , of greyness without a trigger that gives him the right charge for wanting to live actively .
Even people with disorders of impulse control different from substance abuse , such as kleptomania , gambling , sexual addictions , associate pleasure " chased " and practiced frequently but never so satisfying as it should be, to a background of boredom, emptiness and dissatisfaction agitated or discouraged .
As a final variant of the pathology of pleasure there are conditions of emotional indifference , that is, those states in which the person does not show to get excited or interested at all, without even complaining about it , but simply estranged from life or from previous interests. It ' a proper condition of schizophrenia , but also paintings idiotic . In these cases, family members are more worrying than the subject itself, which is able to spend hours or days without engaging in any activity , and shows no preference or response to particular stimuli . Along with the research activities of stimulants in these cases are also little or no pressures to socialize, talkativeness and complexity of communication , and lack of emotional involvement in ongoing activities .
EmoticonEmoticon